{"id":280,"date":"2021-08-10T03:25:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-10T03:25:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/262235.xyz\/?p=280"},"modified":"2021-08-10T03:25:00","modified_gmt":"2021-08-10T03:25:00","slug":"280","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lyvba.com\/index.php\/2021\/08\/10\/280\/","title":{"rendered":"Python\u5b66\u4e60: Pillow \u56fe\u50cf\u5e93\u6559\u7a0b &#8211; \u4f7f\u7528 Image \u7c7b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lyvba.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/1608739380.png\" alt=\"pillow-logo-248x250.png\" title=\"pillow-logo-248x250.png\"><\/p>\n<h1>Pillow \u56fe\u50cf\u5e93\u6559\u7a0b - \u4f7f\u7528 Image \u7c7b<\/h1>\n<p>\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u5e93\u975e <code>PIL.Image<\/code> \u83ab\u5c5e,<br \/>\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u5757, \u4f60\u80fd\u591a\u6837\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b, \u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u56fe\u7247,<br \/>\u4ea6\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5904\u7406\u5176\u5b83\u56fe\u7247, \u6216\u8005\u968f\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\u7684\u7ed8\u5236\u4f60\u6240\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u56fe\u5f62.<\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u60f3\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bfb\u53d6\u56fe\u7247, \u4f7f\u7528\u6765\u81ea <code>PIL.Image<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u7684 <code>PIL.Image.open<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; from PIL import Image\n&gt;&gt;&gt; im = Image.open(\"lena.ppm\")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6210\u529f, \u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a <code>PIL.Image<\/code> \u5bf9\u8c61.<br \/>\u4e4b\u540e\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53bb\u67e5\u770b\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; print(im.format, im.size, im.mode)\nPPM (512, 512) RGB\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>PIL.Image.format<\/code> \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u4ee3\u8868\u56fe\u7247\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u540d,<br \/>\u5982\u679c\u56fe\u7247\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00\u5931\u8d25, \u5219\u5176\u503c\u4e3aNone.  <code>PIL.Image.size<\/code><br \/>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u4ee3\u8868\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u5927\u5c0f, \u4ee5\u50cf\u7d20\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d, \u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5143\u7ec4\u6765\u8fd4\u56de.<br \/><code>PIL.Image.mode<\/code> \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u4ee3\u8868\u56fe\u7247\u7684band\u5c5e\u6027,<br \/>\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5(\u9ed1\u767d)\u4e0b\u4e3a <code>L<\/code>, \u5f53\u56fe\u7247\u662f\u5f69\u8272\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u662f <code>RGB<\/code>, \u5982\u679c\u56fe\u7247\u7ecf\u8fc7\u538b\u7f29,<br \/>\u5219\u662f <code>CMYK<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u56fe\u7247\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00\u5931\u8d25, \u5c06\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a <code>IOError<\/code> \u9519\u8bef.<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u65e6\u4f60\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u4e86 <code>PIL.Image<\/code> \u7c7b, \u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53bb\u5904\u7406\u56fe\u50cf.<br \/>\u4f8b\u5982, \u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u663e\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u521a\u521a\u88ab\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u56fe\u50cf<\/p>\n<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; im.show()\n\n\n\n\u4ece\u4fdd\u5b58\u56fe\u7247\u5230\u7f13\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8c03\u7528 \"xv\" \u547d\u4ee4\u53bb\u663e\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u7247,\n\"PIL.Image.show\" \u7684\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e. \u53e6\u5916,\n\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b89\u88c5 \"xv\" \u547d\u4ee4, \u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528.\n\u5373\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528, \u5728\u8c03\u8bd5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u662f\u72b9\u5982\u5669\u68a6\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u5b58\u5728.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7ed3\u5c06\u4f1a\u5411\u4f60\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e93\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5.<\/p>\n<h2>\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h2>\n<p>Python\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u5e93\u652f\u6301\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u683c\u5f0f. \u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u6765\u81ea <code>PIL.Image<\/code><br \/>\u6a21\u5757\u7684 <code>PIL.Image.open<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u80fd\u4ece\u786c\u76d8\u8bfb\u53d6\u56fe\u7247\u6587\u4ef6.<br \/>\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f60\u6765\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u683c\u5f0f, \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e93\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5339\u914d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u6765\u6253\u5f00\u56fe\u7247\u6587\u4ef6.<\/p>\n<p>\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u6765\u81ea <code>PIL.Image<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u7684 <code>PIL.Image.save<\/code><br \/>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u4fdd\u5b58\u56fe\u7247\u6587\u4ef6. \u5f53\u4f60\u4fdd\u5b58\u56fe\u7247\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u5019, \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u663e\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981.<br \/>\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u6307\u5b9a\u6269\u5c55\u540d, \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u6cbf\u88ad\u672c\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\u683c\u5f0f\u7684.<\/p>\n<p>\u628a\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a JPEG<\/p>\n<pre><code>import os, sys\nfrom PIL import Image\n\nfor infile in sys.argv[1:]:\n    f, e = os.path.splitext(infile)\n    outfile = f + \".jpg\"\n    if infile != outfile:\n        try:\n            Image.open(infile).save(outfile)\n        except IOError:\n            print(\"cannot convert\", infile)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u652f\u6301 <code>PIL.Image.save<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u540d.<br \/>\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u540d, \u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570.<\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u6210 JPEG \u7f29\u7565\u56fe<\/p>\n<pre><code>import os, sys\nfrom PIL import Image\n\nsize = (128, 128)\n\nfor infile in sys.argv[1:]:\n    outfile = os.path.splitext(infile)[0] + \".thumbnail\"\n    if infile != outfile:\n        try:\n            im = Image.open(infile)\n            im.thumbnail(size)\n            im.save(outfile, \"JPEG\")\n        except IOError:\n            print(\"cannot create thumbnail for\", infile)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f, \u5e93\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89e3\u7801\u5149\u6805\u56fe\u7247\u6570\u636e\u9664\u975e\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684.<br \/>\u5f53\u4f60\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u5019, \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5934\u90e8\u5c06\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u6587\u4ef6\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u548c\u5927\u5c0f\u7b49\u7b49\u5c5e\u6027,<br \/>\u4f46\u662f\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9a6c\u4e0a\u88ab\u5904\u7406.<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u7247\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5feb\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c, \u53ea\u5173\u4e4e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u65b9\u5f0f.<br \/>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u56fe\u7247\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c0f\u811a\u672c:<\/p>\n<p>\u8bc6\u522b\u56fe\u7247\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<pre><code>import sys\nfrom PIL import Image\n\nfor infile in sys.argv[1:]:\n    try:\n        with Image.open(infile) as im:\n            print(infile, im.format, \"%dx%d\" % im.size, im.mode)\n    except IOError:\n        pass\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u88c1\u526a, \u7c98\u8d34 \u548c \u5408\u6210\u56fe\u7247<\/h2>\n<p><code>PIL.Image<\/code> \u7c7b\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4f60\u64cd\u4f5c\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5.<br \/>\u5f53\u4f60\u60f3\u4ece\u56fe\u7247\u622a\u53d6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u65f6\u5019, \u76f4\u63a5\u7528 <code>PIL.Image.crop<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5.<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\u62f7\u8d1d\u51fa\u5b50\u77e9\u5f62<\/p>\n<pre><code>box = (100, 100, 400, 400)\nregion = im.crop(box)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u50cf\u533a\u57df\u7531\u542b\u67094\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5143\u7ec4\u7ec4\u6210, \u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868 (\u5de6, \u4e0a, \u53f3, \u4e0b).<br \/>Python Imaging Library \u4f7f\u7528(0, 0)\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5728\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u7684\u60c5\u51b5.<br \/>\u53e6\u5916\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f, \u8fd9\u4e9b\u5750\u6807\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u50cf\u7d20(px), \u6240\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8868\u793a\u4e86 300x300 \u50cf\u7d20.<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u50cf\u533a\u57df\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406.<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u539f\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u5b50\u77e9\u5f62<\/p>\n<pre><code>region = region.transpose(Image.ROTATE_180)\nim.paste(region, box)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u65f6\u5019, \u56fe\u50cf\u533a\u57df\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5fc5\u987b\u548c\u539f\u56fe\u50cf\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4.<br \/>\u53e6\u5916, \u56fe\u50cf\u533a\u57df\u4e0d\u80fd\u6269\u5145\u5230\u56fe\u50cf\u4fbf\u6377\u4e4b\u5916. \u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64, \u539f\u56fe\u50cf\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4.<br \/>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4, \u76ee\u6807\u56fe\u50cf\u4f1a\u5728\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u81ea\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u6362, \u8be6\u89c1 :ref:<code>color-transforms<\/code> .<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u662f\u6269\u5c55\u5b9e\u4f8b:<\/p>\n<p>\u7ffb\u8f6c\u56fe\u50cf<\/p>\n<pre><code>def roll(image, delta):\n    \"Roll an image sideways\"\n\n    xsize, ysize = image.size\n\n    delta = delta % xsize\n    if delta == 0: return image\n\n    part1 = image.crop((0, 0, delta, ysize))\n    part2 = image.crop((delta, 0, xsize, ysize))\n    part1.load()\n    part2.load()\n    image.paste(part2, (0, 0, xsize-delta, ysize))\n    image.paste(part1, (xsize-delta, 0, xsize, ysize))\n\n    return image\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f, \u5f53\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528 <code>PIL.Image.crop<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u56fe\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u5019,<br \/><code>PIL.Image.load<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u9996\u5148\u88ab\u8c03\u7528.<br \/>\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u60f0\u6027\u64cd\u4f5c. \u5982\u679c <code>PIL.Image.load<\/code> \u672a\u88ab\u8c03\u7528,<br \/>\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u4fdd\u5b58\u4fee\u6539\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c.<br \/>\u8fd9\u6697\u793a\u7740 <code>part1<\/code> \u4f1a\u5728\u9996\u6b21\u4fee\u6539 <code>image<\/code> \u7684\u65f6\u5019\u88ab\u4fee\u6539.<\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u4e8e\u66f4\u591a\u9ed1\u9b54\u6cd5, paste\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u53c2\u6570.<br \/>\u5f53\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9ed1\u9b54\u6cd5, \u4f20\u5165255\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u5c06\u4f1a\u4f7f\u56fe\u50cf\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u900f\u660e.<br \/>\u53cd\u4e4b\u4f20\u51650\u5219\u4f1a\u4f7f\u56fe\u50cf\u5b8c\u5168\u900f\u660e. \u4f20\u5165\u4e2d\u95f4\u503c\u5219\u4f1a\u4f7f\u56fe\u7247\u534a\u900f\u660e.<br \/>\u4f8b\u5982, \u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u4e2a RGBA \u56fe\u50cf\u5e76\u4e14\u4f7f\u7528\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5b83\u7684\u524d\u666f\u8272\u900f\u660e\u5ea6,<br \/>\u800c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5b83\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u8272\u900f\u660e\u5ea6.<\/p>\n<p>Python Imaging Library \u540c\u6837\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u64cd\u4f5c\u591a\u6ce2\u6bb5\u7684\u56fe\u7247, \u6bd4\u5982RGB\u56fe\u7247.<br \/>split \u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u7247\u96c6\u5408, \u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ce2\u6bb5.<br \/>merge \u65b9\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u5165\u4e00\u4e2amode\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u5143\u7ec4, \u7136\u540e\u878d\u5408\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u50cf.<br \/>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u5272\u4e09\u6ce2\u6bb5\u7684 RGB \u56fe\u7247:<\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u5272\u4e0e\u5408\u5e76\u6ce2\u6bb5<\/p>\n<pre><code>r, g, b = im.split()\nim = Image.merge(\"RGB\", (b, g, r))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u6ce2\u6bb5\u7684\u56fe\u7247, <code>PIL.Image.split<\/code> \u8fd4\u56de\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u50cf\u672c\u8eab.<br \/>\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u540c\u6ce2\u6bb5, \u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4f60\u5148\u628a\u56fe\u7247\u8f6c\u6362\u6210 RGB \u683c\u5f0f.<\/p>\n<h2>\u51e0\u4f55\u53d8\u6362<\/h2>\n<p><code>PIL.Image<\/code> \u7c7b\u5305\u542b\u4e86 <code>PIL.Image.resize<\/code><br \/>\u548c  <code>PIL.Image.rotate<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u56fe\u50cf.<br \/>\u524d\u8005\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u65b0\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7ec4, \u800c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u5165\u65cb\u8f6c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6.<\/p>\n<p>\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u53d8\u6362<\/p>\n<pre><code>out = im.resize((128, 128))\nout = im.rotate(45) # degrees counter-clockwise\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8981\u60f3\u4ee590\u5ea6\u65cb\u8f6c\u56fe\u7247, \u4f60\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 <code>PIL.Image.rotate<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5,<br \/>\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 <code>PIL.Image.transpose<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5.<br \/>\u540e\u8005\u4e5f\u80fd\u6c34\u5e73\u6216\u8005\u5782\u76f4\u7ffb\u8f6c\u56fe\u50cf.<\/p>\n<p>\u65cb\u8f6c\u56fe\u50cf<\/p>\n<pre><code>out = im.transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)\nout = im.transpose(Image.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM)\nout = im.transpose(Image.ROTATE_90)\nout = im.transpose(Image.ROTATE_180)\nout = im.transpose(Image.ROTATE_270)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 <code>PIL.Image.rotate<\/code> \u4e5f\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210 <code>transpose(ROTATE)<\/code> \u64cd\u4f5c,<br \/>\u628a <code>expand<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a True \u6765\u540c\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8.<\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u56fe\u7247\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 <code>PIL.Image.transform<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5.<\/p>\n<h2>\u8272\u5f69\u8f6c\u6362<\/h2>\n<p>Python Imaging Library \u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528 <code>PIL.Image.convert<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5,<br \/>\u4ee5\u50cf\u7d20\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u4fee\u6539\u56fe\u50cf.<\/p>\n<p>\u6a21\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362<\/p>\n<pre><code>im = Image.open(\"lena.ppm\").convert(\"L\")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e93\u652f\u6301 <code>L<\/code> \u6a21\u5f0f\u548c <code>RGB<\/code> \u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e92\u76f8\u8f6c\u6362. \u8981\u60f3\u8f6c\u6362\u5230\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f,<br \/>\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u6a21\u5f0f, \u6bd4\u5982 <code>RGB<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u56fe\u50cf\u6548\u679c\u589e\u5f3a<\/h2>\n<p>Python Imaging Library \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7528\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u56fe\u50cf\u6548\u679c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6a21\u5757.<\/p>\n<p>\u6ee4\u955c<\/p>\n<p><code>PIL.ImageFilter<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u5185\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u6548\u679c\u589e\u5f3a\u7684\u6ee4\u955c,<br \/>\u53ef\u7528 <code>PIL.Image.filter<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6548\u679c\u589e\u5f3a.<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u6ee4\u955c<\/p>\n<pre><code>from PIL import ImageFilter\nout = im.filter(ImageFilter.DETAIL)\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6d6e\u70b9\u8fd0\u7b97<\/p>\n<p><code>PIL.Image.point<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u6765\u8f6c\u6362\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u50cf\u7d20\u503c, \u4f8b\u5982\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6.<br \/>\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b, \u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5.<br \/>\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u50cf\u7d20\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5904\u7406:<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u6d6e\u70b9\u8fd0\u7b97<\/p>\n<pre><code># multiply each pixel by 1.2\nout = im.point(lambda i: i * 1.2)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801, \u5c31\u80fd\u8f7b\u677e\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u50cf.<br \/>\u53e6\u5916\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408 <code>PIL.Image.point<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u548c<br \/><code>PIL.Image.paste<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6709\u7684\u653e\u77e2\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u56fe\u50cf:<\/p>\n<p>\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u6ce2\u6bb5<\/p>\n<pre><code># split the image into individual bands\nsource = im.split()\n\nR, G, B = 0, 1, 2\n\n# select regions where red is less than 100\nmask = source[R].point(lambda i: i &lt; 100 and 255)\n\n# process the green band\nout = source[G].point(lambda i: i * 0.7)\n\n# paste the processed band back, but only where red was &lt; 100\nsource[G].paste(out, None, mask)\n\n# build a new multiband image\nim = Image.merge(im.mode, source)\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5<\/p>\n<pre><code>imout = im.point(lambda i: expression and 255)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Python \u53ea\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f, \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c.<br \/>\u6240\u4ee5, \u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86 false \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f0, Python \u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd4\u56de0,<br \/>\u53cd\u4e4b\u5219\u8fd4\u56de255.<\/p>\n<p>\u6548\u679c\u589e\u5f3a<\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u591a\u56fe\u50cf\u589e\u5f3a\u6548\u679c, \u90fd\u80fd\u5728 <code>PIL.ImageEnhance<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u627e\u5230.<br \/>\u4e00\u65e6\u4f60\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u50cf, \u6548\u679c\u589e\u5f3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u4e86.<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837\u4fee\u6539\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6, \u4eae\u5ea6, \u8272\u5f69\u5e73\u8861\u5ea6\u548c\u9510\u5ea6.<\/p>\n<p>\u6548\u679c\u589e\u5f3a<\/p>\n<pre><code>from PIL import ImageEnhance\n\nenh = ImageEnhance.Contrast(im)\nenh.enhance(1.3).show(\"30% more contrast\")\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u56fe\u50cf\u9635\u5217<\/h2>\n<p>Python Imaging Library \u652f\u6301\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bf9\u57fa\u672c\u56fe\u50cf\u9635\u5217. \u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec FLI\/FLC, GIF,<br \/>\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u683c\u5f0f. TIFF \u6587\u4ef6\u5219\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u5e27.<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u8bd5\u56fe\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u50cf\u9635\u5217\u56fe\u7247, PIL \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u7684\u52a0\u8f7d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9635\u5217\u7684\u9996\u5e27.<br \/>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5207\u6362\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e27:<\/p>\n<p>\u8bfb\u53d6\u9635\u5217<\/p>\n<pre><code>from PIL import Image\n\nim = Image.open(\"animation.gif\")\nim.seek(1) # skip to the second frame\n\ntry:\n    while 1:\n        im.seek(im.tell()+1)\n        # do something to im\nexcept EOFError:\n    pass # end of sequence\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u4f60\u6240\u89c1, \u5728\u5e27\u5c3e\u65f6\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a <code>EOFError<\/code> \u5f02\u5e38.<\/p>\n<p>\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f, \u76ee\u524d\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5e93\u4ec5\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u4f60\u987a\u5e8f\u52a0\u8f7d\u5e27. \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u56de\u5934\u7684\u8bdd, \u53ea\u80fd\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u56fe\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6.<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u5217\u7c7b\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528 for \u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u8fed\u4ee3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217:<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u56fe\u50cf\u5e8f\u5217\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668<\/p>\n<pre><code>from PIL import ImageSequence\nfor frame in ImageSequence.Iterator(im):\n    # ...do something to frame...\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>Postscript \u6253\u5370<\/h2>\n<p>Python Imaging Library \u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7528\u4e8e\u8f93\u51fa\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u51fd\u6570, \u6587\u5b57\u548c\u5728 Postscript \u4e0a\u7684\u56fe\u50cf. \u89c1\u4e0b\u4f8b:<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed8\u5236 Postscript<\/p>\n<pre><code>from PIL import Image\nfrom PIL import PSDraw\n\nim = Image.open(\"lena.ppm\")\ntitle = \"lena\"\nbox = (1*72, 2*72, 7*72, 10*72) # in points\n\nps = PSDraw.PSDraw() # default is sys.stdout\nps.begin_document(title)\n\n# draw the image (75 dpi)\nps.image(box, im, 75)\nps.rectangle(box)\n\n# draw title\nps.setfont(\"HelveticaNarrow-Bold\", 36)\nps.text((3*72, 4*72), title)\n\nps.end_document()\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6\u56fe\u7247<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u6587\u4e2d, <code>PIL.Image<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u91cc\u7684 <code>PIL.Image.open<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5f00\u56fe\u7247\u6587\u4ef6.<br \/>\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d, \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u6253\u5f00\u5b83, \u50cf\u8fd9\u6837<\/p>\n<pre><code>im = Image.open(\"lena.ppm\")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u62a5\u9519, \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f :py:class:<code>PIL.Image<\/code> \u5bf9\u8c61.<br \/>\u53cd\u4e4b\u5219\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a :exc:<code>IOError<\/code> \u5f02\u5e38.<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u6587\u4ef6\u540d. \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 <code>file.read<\/code>,<br \/> <code>file.seek<\/code> \u548c <code>file.tell<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5, \u5e76\u4e14\u4ee5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u65b9\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00.<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u56fe\u7247<\/p>\n<pre><code>fp = open(\"lena.ppm\", \"rb\")\nim = Image.open(fp)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8981\u60f3\u4ece\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6, \u4f7f\u7528 <code>StringIO.StringIO<\/code> \u7c7b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0:<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u56fe\u7247<\/p>\n<pre><code>import StringIO\n\nim = Image.open(StringIO.StringIO(buffer))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f, \u4f7f\u7528\u5e93\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u91cd\u7f6e\u6307\u9488\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5f00\u5934. \u53e6\u5916, \u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u8981\u7528\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488.<br \/>\u5982\u679c\u56fe\u7247\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5d4c\u5165\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u6587\u4ef6, \u4f8b\u5982 tar \u6587\u4ef6, \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 <code>PIL.ContainerIO<\/code><br \/>\u6216\u8005 <code>PIL.TarIO<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5904\u7406\u5b83.<\/p>\n<p>\u4ecetar\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6<\/p>\n<pre><code>from PIL import TarIO\n\nfp = TarIO.TarIO(\"Imaging.tar\", \"Imaging\/test\/lena.ppm\")\nim = Image.open(fp)\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u63a7\u5236\u89e3\u7801\u5668<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e9b\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u64cd\u4f5c\u56fe\u7247. \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u7f29\u7565\u56fe\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u76f8\u5f53\u6709\u7528,<br \/>\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u500d\u7684\u52a0\u5feb\u8bfb\u53d6\u901f\u5ea6.<\/p>\n<p><code>PIL.Image.draft<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ec5\u6253\u5f00\u4f46\u662f\u672a\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u56fe\u7247.<br \/>\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4f60\u91cd\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\u56fe\u7247\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210.<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u62df\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n<pre><code>im = Image.open(file)\nprint(\"original =\", im.mode, im.size)\n\nim.draft(\"L\", (100, 100))\nprint(\"draft =\", im.mode, im.size)\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u5982\u4e0b\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n<pre><code>original = RGB (512, 512)\ndraft = L (128, 128)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f, \u7ed3\u679c\u56fe\u50cf\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u8981\u6c42\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u5927\u5c0f. \u8981\u60f3\u786e\u4fdd\u56fe\u50cf\u548c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u5165,<br \/>\u4f7f\u7528\u7f29\u7565\u56fe\u65b9\u6cd5\u66ff\u4ee3\u4e4b.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pillow \u56fe\u50cf\u5e93\u6559\u7a0b &#8211; \u4f7f\u7528 Image \u7c7b \u5728Python\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u5e93\u975e PIL.I [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[45],"class_list":["post-280","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","tag-python"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyvba.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/280","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyvba.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyvba.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyvba.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyvba.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=280"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lyvba.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/280\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyvba.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=280"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyvba.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=280"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyvba.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=280"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}