{"id":351,"date":"2021-08-20T00:33:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-20T00:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/262235.xyz\/?p=351"},"modified":"2021-08-20T00:33:00","modified_gmt":"2021-08-20T00:33:00","slug":"351","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lyvba.com\/index.php\/2021\/08\/20\/351\/","title":{"rendered":"Python Flask\u6846\u67b6\u5b66\u4e60(\u8f6c\u8f7d)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"flask-logo.png\"<\/p>\n

Python Flask\u6846\u67b6\u5b66\u4e60(\u8f6c\u8f7d) Flask \u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u6863<\/a><\/h1>\n

Flask\u662f\u7531python\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u4e2aweb\u5fae\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8bed\u8a00\u5feb\u901f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216Web\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684python3\u53capython2\u7248\u672c\u3002\u9996\u5148\u8fd9\u8fb9\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u662fpython3.6\uff0c\u867d\u7136python3\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u597d\u50cf\u540d\u58f0\u4e0d\u548b\u5730\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e00\u5ea6\u6709\u6587\u7ae0\u8bf4python3\u6b63\u5728\u6bc1\u706dPython\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53cd\u6b63\u662f\u522b\u4eba\u9009\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u5c06\u5c31\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u770b\u522b\u4eba\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4e2aflask\u5f88\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u53cd\u6b63\u6211\u7684\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0cwindows\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684<\/p>\n

1.\u5b89\u88c5Flask<\/h3>\n
pip install flask\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5927\u81f4\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0bflask\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n
flask-demo\/\n  \u251c run.py           # \u5e94\u7528\u542f\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\n  \u251c config.py        # \u73af\u5883\u914d\u7f6e\n  \u251c requirements.txt # \u5217\u51fa\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u6240\u6709Python\u5305\n  \u251c tests\/           # \u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\u5305\n  \u2502   \u251c __init__.py\n  \u2502   \u2514 test_*.py    # \u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\n  \u2514 myapp\/\n      \u251c admin\/       # \u84dd\u56fe\u76ee\u5f55\n      \u251c static\/\n      \u2502   \u251c css\/     # css\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\n      \u2502   \u251c img\/     # \u56fe\u7247\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\n      \u2502   \u2514 js\/      # js\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\n      \u251c templates\/   # \u6a21\u677f\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\n      \u251c __init__.py\n      \u251c forms.py     # \u5b58\u653e\u6240\u6709\u8868\u5355\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u591a\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\n      \u251c models.py    # \u5b58\u653e\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u591a\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\n      \u2514 views.py     # \u5b58\u653e\u6240\u6709\u89c6\u56fe\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u591a\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.\u5f00\u59cb Hello world<\/h3>\n
\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/p>\n
from flask import Flask\napp = Flask(__name__)\n@app.route('\/')\ndef index():\n    return 'Hello World'\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    app.debug = True # \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8c03\u8bd5\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8981\u5173\u6389debug\n    app.run()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u662fflask\u6846\u67b6\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4f7f\u7528python\u8fd0\u884c\u540e\u8bbf\u95eelocalhost:5000\u5c31\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u7f51\u9875\u663e\u793aHello world\u3002
\u8fd9\u91cc\u9996\u5148\u5f15\u5165\u4e86Flask\u7c7b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c name<\/strong> \u4ee3\u8868\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u88ab\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6240\u4ee5\u6b64\u65f6 name<\/strong> \u7684\u503c\u662f
main<\/strong> \u3002\u7136\u540e\u7528route()\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fee\u9970\u5668\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9flask\u5982\u4f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6700\u540e\u7528run()\u51fd\u6570\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n
4.\u6a21\u677f<\/h3>\n
Flask\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eJinja2\u6a21\u677f\u5f15\u64ce<\/a>\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u5427\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684Flask\u8fd0\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5fd8\u4e86\u600e\u4e48\u5199\u5427\uff09\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
from  flask import  Flask\nfrom  flask import  render_template\n\napp  =  Flask(__name__)\n\n@app.route('\/hello')\n@app.route('\/hello\/<name>')\ndef  hello(name=None):\n    return  render_template('hello.html',  name=name)\nif  __name__  ==  '__main__':\n    app.run(host='0.0.0.0',  debug=True)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u201dhello()\u201d\u51fd\u6570\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8c03\u7528\u4e86\u201drender_template()\u201d\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6e32\u67d3\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u201dhello.html\u201d\u6307\u5411\u4f60\u60f3\u6e32\u67d3\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u201dname\u201d\u662f\u4f60\u8981\u4f20\u5230\u6a21\u677f\u53bb\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u591a\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\u201dhello.html\u201d\u5728\u54ea\u513f\u5462\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u53c2\u6570\u53c8\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u7528\u5462\uff1f\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u677f\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u201dtemplates\u201d\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\uff09\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5728\u201dtemplates\u201d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u201dhello.html\u201d\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
<!doctype html>\n<title>Hello Sample<\/title>\n{% if name %}\n  <h1>Hello {{ name }}!<\/h1>\n{% else %}\n  <h1>Hello World!<\/h1>\n{%  endif  %}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u50cfHTML\uff1f\u63a5\u89e6\u8fc7\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u677f\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u80af\u5b9a\u7acb\u9a6c\u79d2\u61c2\u4e86\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aHTML\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u201dname\u201d\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7531\u201d{{
}}\u201d\u4fee\u9970\uff0c\u800c\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5\u7531\u201d{% %}\u201d\u4fee\u9970\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u89c1\u7684HTML\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6253\u5f00\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u201dhttp:\/\/localhost:5000\/hello\/man<\/a>\u201d\uff0c\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\u5373\u663e\u793a\u5927\u6807\u9898\u201dHello
man!\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u770b\u4e0b\u9875\u9762\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
<!doctype html>\n<title>Hello from Flask<\/title>\n  <h1>Hello man!<\/h1>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u679c\u7136\uff0c\u6a21\u677f\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u201dHello {{ name }}!\u201d\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53d8\u91cf\u201d{{ name
}}\u201d\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4e86\u201dman\u201d\u3002Jinja2\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u5f15\u64ce\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ecfor\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u7b49\u3002\u6a21\u677f\u91cc\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u7f6e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5982request,
session\u7b49\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eJinja2\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u67e5\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n
5.\u6a21\u677f\u7ee7\u627f<\/h4>\n
\u4e00\u822c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u867d\u7136\u9875\u9762\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u91cd\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u9875\u9996\uff0c\u9875\u811a\uff0c\u5bfc\u822a\u680f\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u5199\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5f88\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002Flask\u7684Jinja2\u6a21\u677f\u652f\u6301\u6a21\u677f\u7ee7\u627f\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u7701\u53bb\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91cd\u590d\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u201dtemplates\u201d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\u201dlayout.html\u201d\u7684\u6a21\u677f\uff1a<\/p>\n
<!doctype html>\n<title>Hello Sample<\/title>\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\"  type=\"text\/css\"  href=\"{{ url_for('static', filename='style.css') }}\">\n<div class=\"page\">\n    {% block body %}\n    {% endblock %}\n<\/div>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u518d\u4fee\u6539\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u201dhello.html\u201d\uff0c\u628a\u539f\u6765\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u201dblock body\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u201d\u7ee7\u627f\u201d\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u201dlayout.html\u201d\uff1a<\/p>\n
{%  extends  \"layout.html\"  %}\n{%  block  body  %}\n{%  if  name  %}\n  <h1>Hello {{ name }}!<\/h1>\n{% else %}\n  <h1>Hello World!<\/h1>\n{%  endif  %}\n{%  endblock  %}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6253\u5f00\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0c\u518d\u770b\u4e0b\u201dhttp:\/\/localhost:5000\/hello\/man<\/a>\u201d\u9875\u9762\u7684\u6e90\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
<!doctype html>\n<title>Hello Sample<\/title>\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\"  type=\"text\/css\"  href=\"\/static\/style.css\">\n<div class=\"page\">\n  <h1>Hello man!<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u201drender_template()\u201d\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e86\u201dhello.html\u201d\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u201dlayout.html\u201d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e5f\u4e00\u8d77\u88ab\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u201dhello.html\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u88ab\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u201dlayout.html\u201d\u4e2d\u201d{%
block body %}\u201d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u3002\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u201dhello.html\u201d\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u201dlayout.html\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
6. HTML\u81ea\u52a8\u8f6c\u4e49<\/h3>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e0b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/')\ndef  index():\n    return  '<div>Hello %s<\/div>'  %  '<em>Flask<\/em>'\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6253\u5f00\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u201dHello
Flask\u201d\u5b57\u6837\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u201dFlask\u201d\u662f\u659c\u4f53\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u52a0\u4e86\u201dem\u201d\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u4f46\u6709\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u60f3\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e9bHTML\u6807\u7b7e\u81ea\u52a8\u8f6c\u4e49\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4f20\u9012\u8868\u5355\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4HTML\u6ce8\u5165\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6539\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u201dMarkup\u201d\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n
from  flask import  Flask,  Markup\napp  =  Flask(__name__)\n@app.route('\/')\ndef  index():\n    return  Markup('<div>Hello %s<\/div>')  %  '<em>Flask<\/em>'\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u518d\u6b21\u6253\u5f00\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u201dem\u201d\u6807\u7b7e\u663e\u793a\u5728\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\u4e86\u3002Markup\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u201descape()\u201d\u5448\u73b0HTML\u6807\u7b7e,
\u201cstriptags()\u201d\u53bb\u9664HTML\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u4e0d\u4e00\u4e00\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
7.Request \u5bf9\u8c61<\/h3>\n
from flask import Flask,url_for,request,render_template\n\n@app.route('\/login', methods=['POST', 'GET'])\ndef login():\n    if request.method == 'POST':\n        if request.form['user'] == 'admin':\n            return 'Admin login successfully!'\n        else:\n            return 'No such user!'\n    title = request.args.get('title', 'Default')\n    return render_template('login.html', title=title)\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    app.run(debug=True)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7b80\u5355\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0b\uff0crequest\u4e2d\u201dmethod\u201d\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u201dGET\u201d, \u201cPOST\u201d, \u201cDELETE\u201d,
\u201cPUT\u201d\u7b49\uff1b\u201dform\u201d\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6Post\u8bf7\u6c42\u8868\u5355\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u8868\u5355\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u201duser\u201d\u9879\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u201dKeyError\u201d\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6355\u83b7\uff0c\u9875\u9762\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de400\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u60f3\u907f\u514d\u629b\u51fa\u8fd9\u201dKeyError\u201d\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528request.form.get(\u201cuser\u201d)\u6765\u66ff\u4ee3\uff09\u3002\u800c\u201drequest.args.get()\u201d\u65b9\u6cd5\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6Get\u8bf7\u6c42URL\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u5f53URL\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u201dtemplates\u201d\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\uff09\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5728\u201dtemplates\u201d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0
layout.html<\/strong><\/p>\n
<!doctype html>\n<title>Hello Sample<\/title>\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text\/css\" href=\"{{ url_for('static', filename='style.css') }}\">\n<div class=\"page\">\n    {% block body %}\n    {% endblock %}\n<\/div>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
login.html<\/strong><\/p>\n
{% extends \"layout.html\" %}\n{% block body %}\n<form name=\"login\" action=\"\/login\" method=\"post\">\n    Hello {{ title }}, please login by:\n    <input type=\"text\" name=\"user\" \/>\n<\/form>\n{% endblock %}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"11.webp\"<\/p>\n
\"22.webp\"<\/p>\n
8.\u4f1a\u8bddsession<\/h3>\n
\u4f1a\u8bdd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u4fdd\u5b58\u5f53\u524d\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e4b\u524d\u5171\u4eab\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
from flask import Flask,url_for,request,render_template,redirect,session\n@app.route('\/login', methods=['POST', 'GET'])\ndef login():\n    if request.method == 'POST':\n        if request.form['user'] == 'admin':\n            session['user'] = request.form['user']\n            return 'Admin login successfully!'\n        else:\n            return 'No such user!'\n    if 'user' in session:\n        return 'Hello %s!' % session['user']\n    else:\n        title = request.args.get('title', 'Default')\n        return render_template('login.html', title=title)\n@app.route('\/logout')\ndef logout():\n    session.pop('user', None)\n    return redirect(url_for('login'))\n\napp.secret_key = '123456'\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    app.run(debug=True)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u201dadmin\u201d\u767b\u9646\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u6253\u5f00\u201dlogin\u201d\u9875\u9762\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8868\u5355\u4e86\u3002\u7136\u540e\u6253\u5f00logout\u9875\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u767b\u51fa\u3002session\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u7279\u522b\u63d0\u9192\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528session\u65f6\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u94a5\u201dapp.secret_key\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u4f8b\u3002\u4e0d\u7136\u4f60\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5927\u81f4\u662f\u201dRuntimeError:
the session is unavailable because no secret key was
set\u201d\u3002\u5bc6\u94a5\u8981\u5c3d\u91cf\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002<\/p>\n
9.\u6784\u5efa\u54cd\u5e94<\/h3>\n
\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u677f\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u7136\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u6784\u5efa\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\uff09\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u5176\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u4e0b\u4e0a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684Get\u8bf7\u6c42\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n
from flask import Flask,url_for,request,render_template,redirect,session,make_response\n\n@app.route('\/login', methods=['POST', 'GET'])\ndef login():\n    if request.method == 'POST':\n        ...\n    if 'user' in session:\n        ...\n    else:\n        title = request.args.get('title', 'Default')\n        response = make_response(render_template('login.html', title=title), 200)\n        response.headers['key'] = 'value'\n        return response\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    app.run(debug=True)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6253\u5f00\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8c03\u8bd5\uff0c\u5728Get\u8bf7\u6c42\u7528\u6237\u672a\u767b\u5f55\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u201dkey\u201d\u9879\u3002\u201dmake_response\u201d\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6765\u6784\u5efaresponse\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4ee3\u8868\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u7f3a\u7701\u5c31\u662f200\u3002<\/p>\n
\"33.webp\"<\/p>\n
10.Cookie\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n
\u63d0\u5230\u4e86Session\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecdCookie\u55bd\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u6ca1\u6709Cookie\uff0cSession\u5c31\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6cd5\u7528\uff08\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u67e5\u67e5\u53bb\uff09\u3002Flask\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528Cookie\u4e5f\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff1a<\/p>\n
from flask import Flask,url_for,request,render_template,redirect,session,make_response\nimport time\n@app.route('\/login', methods=['POST', 'GET'])\ndef login():\n    response = None\n    if request.method == 'POST':\n        if request.form['user'] == 'admin':\n            session['user'] = request.form['user']\n            response = make_response('Admin login successfully!')\n            response.set_cookie('login_time', time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))\n        ...\n\n    else:\n        if 'user' in session:\n            login_time = request.cookies.get('login_time')\n            response = make_response('Hello %s, you logged in on %s' % (session['user'], login_time))\n        ...\n\n    return response\napp.secret_key = '123456'\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    app.run(debug=True)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6b21\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u201dtime\u201d\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd4\u56de\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u201dresponse.set_cookie()\u201d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6eCookie\u9879\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9879\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff08max_age\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5Cookie\u9879\u7684\u6709\u6548\u671f\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u79d2\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bbe\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5173\u95ed\u540e\uff0c\u8be5Cookie\u9879\u5373\u5931\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\uff0c\u201drequest.cookies\u201d\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668Cookie\u7684\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u201dget()\u201d\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u952e\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
\"44.webp\"<\/p>\n
11.\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u201dabort()\u201d\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u9000\u51fa\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
rom flask import Flask,abort\n\napp = Flask(__name__)\n@app.route('\/error')\ndef error():\n    abort(404)\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    app.run(debug=True)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e0a\u4f8b\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684404\u9519\u8bef\u9875\u9762\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u9047\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u9519\u8bef\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\u505a\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u91cd\u5199\u9519\u8bef\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
rom flask import Flask,abort\n\napp = Flask(__name__)\n\n@app.errorhandler(404)\ndef page_not_found(error):\n    return render_template('404.html'), 404\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    app.run(debug=True)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"55.webp\"<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u201dabort()\u201d\u6765\u9000\u51fa\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u662f\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u629b\u51fa\u6216\u6355\u83b7\u3002\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u201d@app.errorhandler()\u201d\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ce8\u518c\u9519\u8bef\u4ee3\u7801\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ce8\u518c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a<\/p>\n
class InvalidUsage(Exception):\n    status_code = 400\n\n    def __init__(self, message, status_code=400):\n        Exception.__init__(self)\n        self.message = message\n        self.status_code = status_code\n\n@app.errorhandler(InvalidUsage)\ndef invalid_usage(error):\n    response = make_response(error.message)\n    response.status_code = error.status_code\n    return response\n@app.route('\/exception')\ndef exception():\n    raise InvalidUsage('No privilege to access the resource', status_code=403)\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    app.run(debug=True)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"66.webp\"<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38\u201dInvalidUsage\u201d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u201d@app.errorhandler()\u201d\u4fee\u9970\u4e86\u51fd\u6570\u201dinvalid_usage()\u201d\uff0c\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4e2d\u6ce8\u518c\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u521a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u4e00\u4f46\u9047\u5230\u201dInvalidUsage\u201d\u5f02\u5e38\u88ab\u629b\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201dinvalid_usage()\u201d\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
12.url\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/h3>\n
Flask\u7684URL\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eWerkzeug\u7684\u8def\u7531\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u6a21\u5757\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e Apache \u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u65e9\u7684 HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u5148\u4f8b\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4f18\u96c5\u4e14\u552f\u4e00\u7684
URL\u3002<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/projects\/')\ndef projects():\n    return 'The project page'\n\n@app.route('\/about')\ndef about():\n    return 'The about page'\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8bbf\u95ee\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u4e0d\u5e26\/\u65f6\uff0cFlask\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u5740\u3002
\u8bbf\u95ee\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u65f6\u672b\u5c3e\u5e26\u4e0a\/\u540eFlask\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u62a5404 NOT FOUND\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n
\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u201dredirect()\u201d\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6d4f\u89c8\u67d0\u4e2a\u7f51\u5740\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5bfc\u5411\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u5740\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7528\u6237\u5728\u672a\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u6d4f\u89c8\u67d0\u4e2a\u9700\u6388\u6743\u7684\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5176\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u767b\u5f55\u9875\u8981\u6c42\u5176\u767b\u5f55\u5148\u3002<\/p>\n
from flask import session, redirect\n\n@app.route('\/')\ndef index():\n    if 'user' in session:\n        return 'Hello %s!' % session['user']\n    else:\n        return redirect(url_for('login'), 302)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u201credirect()\u201d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u65f6HTTP\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u53d6\u7684\u503c\u6709301, 302, 303,
305\u548c307\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5373302\uff08\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709304\uff1f\u7559\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u53bb\u601d\u8003\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8f6c\u8f7d\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u601d\u8bda\u4e4b\u9053<\/a> \u7b80\u4e66<\/a>
\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0b\u8f7d<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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