random_bytes

(PHP 7, PHP 8)

random_bytesGenerates cryptographically secure pseudo-random bytes

说明

random_bytes ( int $length ) : string

Generates an arbitrary length string of cryptographic random bytes that are suitable for cryptographic use, such as when generating salts, keys or initialization vectors.

The sources of randomness used for this function are as follows:

  • On Windows, » CryptGenRandom() will always be used. As of PHP 7.2.0, the » CNG-API will always be used instead.
  • On Linux, the » getrandom(2) syscall will be used if available.
  • On other platforms, /dev/urandom will be used.
  • If none of the aforementioned sources are available, then an Exception will be thrown.

Note: Although this function was added to PHP in PHP 7.0, a » userland implementation is available for PHP 5.2 to 5.6, inclusive.

参数

length

The length of the random string that should be returned in bytes.

返回值

Returns a string containing the requested number of cryptographically secure random bytes.

错误/异常

  • If an appropriate source of randomness cannot be found, an Exception will be thrown.
  • If invalid parameters are given, a TypeError will be thrown.
  • If an invalid length of bytes is given, an Error will be thrown.

范例

Example #1 random_bytes() example

<?php
$bytes 
random_bytes(5);
var_dump(bin2hex($bytes));
?>

以上例程的输出类似于:

string(10) "385e33f741"

参见

User Contributed Notes

yendrrek at gmail dot com 17-Mar-2021 06:03
mcrypt_create_iv

Warning
This function was DEPRECATED in PHP 7.1.0, and REMOVED in PHP 7.2.0.

https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.mcrypt-create-iv.php
ccb2357 at gmail dot com 15-May-2020 03:49
<?php
   
// PHP >= 7
   
function str_rand(int $length = 20){
       
$ascii_codes = range(48, 57) + range(97, 122);
       
$codes_lenght = (count($ascii_codes)-1);
       
shuffle($ascii_codes);
       
$string = '';
        for(
$i = 1; $i <= $length; $i++){
           
$previous_char = $char ?? '';
           
$char = chr($ascii_codes[random_int(0, $codes_lenght)]);
            while(
$char == $previous_char){
               
$char = chr($ascii_codes[random_int(0, $codes_lenght)]);
            }
           
$string .= $char;
        }
        return
$string;
    }
?>
ccbsschucko at gmail dot com 25-May-2018 12:06
<?php
   
function str_rand(int $length = 64){ // 64 = 32
       
$length = ($length < 4) ? 4 : $length;
        return
bin2hex(random_bytes(($length-($length%2))/2));
    }
   
   
var_dump(str_rand());
   
// d6199909d0b5fdc22c9db625e4edf0d6da2b113b21878cde19e96f4afe69e714
?>
atesin () gmail ! com 24-Feb-2018 04:01
if unavailable use this with core functions... maybe not as secure and optimized (any help?), but practical

<?php

$bytes
= '';
while (
strlen($bytes) < $lenght)
 
$bytes .= chr(mt_rand(0, 255));

?>
Anonymous 06-Jan-2018 07:17
Simple php implementation of Blum Blum Shub.

<?php

$bbs
= new BlumBlumShub(400);
var_dump(bin2hex($bbs->getRandomPseudoBytes(32)));
// out like 02b3b55d6aea2f26a0ddfcd8967597fb0d38d7c6c4027f0595f5a614b9f06400

class BlumBlumShub
{
    private
$p, $q, $s, $m, $init, $x0;
    private
$size = 1024;

    public function
__construct($size = false, $p = false, $q = false, $s = false)
    {
        if(
$p !== false && $q !== false && $s !== false)
        {
           
$this->p = $p;
           
$this->q = $q;
           
$this->m = bcmul($p, $q);
           
$this->s = $s;
        } else {
            if(
$size !== false)
               
$this->size = $size;
           
$this->init();
        }
       
       
$this->xn = bcmod(bcmul($this->s, $this->s), $this->m);
        for(
$i=0;$i<10;$i++)
           
$this->xn = bcmod(bcmul($this->xn, $this->xn), $this->m);
    }
   
    private function
init()
    {
       
$this->p = $this->genPrime();
       
$this->q = $this->genPrime();
       
$this->m = bcmul($this->p, $this->q);
       
       
$mCoPrime = gmp_init($this->m);

       
# try find co-prime
       
while(1)
        {
           
$s = genPrime($this->size);
           
$sCoPrime = gmp_init($s);
           
$g = gmp_gcdext($mCoPrime, $sCoPrime);
           
$g = gmp_strval($g['g']);
            if(
$g === '1')
                break;
        }

       
$this->s = $s;
    }
   
    public function
genPrime()
    {
        while(
1)
        {
           
$min = gmp_init(str_pad('1', $this->size, '0'));
           
$max = gmp_init(str_pad('9', $this->size, '0'));
           
$prime = gmp_strval(gmp_random_range($min, $max));

           
$validate = bcmod($prime, '4');
            if(
$validate === '3')
                break;
        }

        return
$prime;
    }
   
    public function
getRandomPseudoBytes($length)
    {
       
$bytes = '';
   
        for(
$i=0;$i<$length;$i++)
           
$bytes .= $this->getByte();
       
        return
$bytes;
    }
   
    public function
getByte()
    {
       
$byte = '';

        for(
$i=0;$i<8;$i++) {
           
$this->xn = bcmod(bcmul($this->xn, $this->xn), $this->m);
           
$byte .= substr(decbin($this->xn[strlen($this->xn)-1]), -1);
        }
       
        return
chr(bindec($byte));
    }
}
?>
ccb_bc at hotmail dot com 03-Nov-2017 03:23
function str_rand($largura = 32){
        $chars = str_shuffle('0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz');
        // separar a string acima com uma virgula após cada letra ou número;
        $chars = preg_replace("/([a-z0-9])/i", "$1,", $chars);
        $chars = explode(',', $chars);

        $string_generate = array();
        for($i = 0; $i < $largura; $i++){
            // $chars[random_int(0, 61) = largura da array $chars
            array_push($string_generate, $chars[random_int(0, 61)]);
        }
        $string_ready = str_shuffle(implode($string_generate));
       
        for($i = 0; $i < random_int(256,512); $i++){
            $random_string = str_shuffle($string_ready);
        }
        // se a largura for um número par o numero de caracteres da string for maior ou igual a 4
        if($largura % 2 === 0 && strlen($random_string) >= 4){
            $random_string_start = str_shuffle(substr($random_string, 0, $largura / 2));
            $random_string_end = str_shuffle(substr($random_string, $largura / 2, $largura));
            $new_random_string = str_shuffle($random_string_start . $random_string_end);
            return str_shuffle($new_random_string);
        }
        else {
            return str_shuffle($random_string);
        }
    }
akam at akameng dot com 01-Mar-2016 01:53
I used below function to create random token, and also a salt from the token. I used it in my application to prevent CSRF attack.

<?php
function RandomToken($length = 32){
    if(!isset(
$length) || intval($length) <= 8 ){
     
$length = 32;
    }
    if (
function_exists('random_bytes')) {
        return
bin2hex(random_bytes($length));
    }
    if (
function_exists('mcrypt_create_iv')) {
        return
bin2hex(mcrypt_create_iv($length, MCRYPT_DEV_URANDOM));
    }
    if (
function_exists('openssl_random_pseudo_bytes')) {
        return
bin2hex(openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($length));
    }
}

function
Salt(){
    return
substr(strtr(base64_encode(hex2bin(RandomToken(32))), '+', '.'), 0, 44);
}

echo (
RandomToken());
echo
"\n";
echo
Salt();
echo
"\n";

/*
This function is same as above but its only used for debugging
*/
function RandomTokenDebug($length = 32){
    if(!isset(
$length) || intval($length) <= 8 ){
     
$length = 32;
    }
   
$randoms = array();
    if (
function_exists('random_bytes')) {
       
$randoms['random_bytes'] = bin2hex(random_bytes($length));
    }
    if (
function_exists('mcrypt_create_iv')) {
       
$randoms['mcrypt_create_iv'] = bin2hex(mcrypt_create_iv($length, MCRYPT_DEV_URANDOM));
    }
    if (
function_exists('openssl_random_pseudo_bytes')) {
       
$randoms['openssl_random_pseudo_bytes'] = bin2hex(openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($length));
    }
   
    return
$randoms;
}
echo
"\n";
print_r (RandomTokenDebug());

?>