SQLite Functions (PDO_SQLITE)

简介

PDO_SQLITE is a driver that implements the PHP Data Objects (PDO) interface to enable access to SQLite 3 databases.

Note:

PDO_SQLITE allows using strings apart from streams together with PDO::PARAM_LOB.

安装

The PDO_SQLITE PDO driver is enabled by default. To disable, --without-pdo-sqlite[=DIR] may be used, where the optional [=DIR] is the sqlite base install directory. As of PHP 7.4.0 » libsqlite ≥ 3.5.0 is required. Formerly, the bundled libsqlite could have been used instead, and was the default, if [=DIR] has been omitted.

Note: Additional setup on Windows as of PHP 7.4.0

为了使此扩展生效， DLL 文件必须能在 Windows 系统的 PATH 指示的路径下找到。如何操作的信息，请参见题为"如何在 Windows 中将 PHP 目录加到 PATH 中"的FAQ。虽然将 DLL 文件从 PHP 文件夹复制到 Windows 系统目录也行，但不建议这样做。 此扩展需要下列文件在 PATH 路径中： libsqlite3.dll.

Table of Contents

User Contributed Notes

ohcc at 163 dot com 04-Sep-2020 03:19
With PDO SQLite driver, calculation within an SQL with multiple ? may not get results as you expect.

<?php
// ....
$stmt = $PDO->prepare('SELECT * FROM `X` WHERE `TimeUpdated`+?>?');
$stmt->execute([3600, time()]);
$data = $stmt->fetchAll();
print_r($data);
?>

To get the right results, you have more than 3 solutions.

1. Change 'SELECT * FROM `X` WHERE `TimeUpdated`+?>?' to 'SELECT * FROM `X` WHERE `TimeUpdated`>?' and do the math using Php (ie: $stmt->execute([time()-3600]); ).

2. Use PdoStatement::bindParam or PdoStatement::bindValue, and set the parameter type to PDO::PARAM_INT.

3. Change 'SELECT * FROM `X` WHERE `TimeUpdated`+?>?' to 'SELECT * FROM `X` WHERE `TimeUpdated`+?>?+0', here '?+0' may be replaced by another math function or another calculation, such as 'abs(?)', you can even wrap both ? with a math calculation.
chrislangton84 at gmail dot com 13-Mar-2016 02:28
This page has been out of date for some time - Installation specifically.

As of PHP 5.4 sqlite is no longer part of PHP and in only available through PECL
tris dot php at tfconsulting dot com dot au 15-May-2014 04:34
After wrestling with "General error: 5 database is locked" errors for a highly concurrent project I finally wrapped the PDO transaction code with a semaphore.  No errors since...

Obviously only works if all processes use the subclass and wrap database modifying statements in beginTransaction() .. commit().  The same could be achieved with flock() if semaphore is not available on your system but will be slower.

<?php
class SQLitePDO extends PDO {
    function __construct($filename) {
        $filename = realpath($filename);
        parent::__construct('sqlite:' . $filename);

        $key = ftok($filename, 'a');
        $this->sem = sem_get($key);
    }

    function beginTransaction() {
        sem_acquire($this->sem);
        return parent::beginTransaction();
    }

    function commit() {
        $success = parent::commit();
        sem_release($this->sem);
        return $success;
    }

    function rollBack() {
        $success = parent::rollBack();
        sem_release($this->sem);
        return $success;
    }
}
?>
nospam8715 at dririan dot com 10-Nov-2012 09:22
Instead of compiling an old version of SQLite to create a database using an older database format that the version of SQLite bundled with PDO can handle, you can (much more easily) just run the query "PRAGMA legacy_file_format = TRUE;" BEFORE creating the database (if you have an existing database, run ".dump" from the sqlite shell on your database, run the sqlite shell on a new database, run the PRAGMA, then paste the contents of the .dump). That will ensure SQLite creates a database readable by SQLite 3.0 and later.
gopal at gopalarathnam dot com 27-Mar-2007 02:36
If you get an error reporting "invalid resource" when trying to query the database table and looping through it, the version of the SQLite extension compiled in to PHP might be incompatible with the version that had created the database (like SQLite 2.x vs 3.x).

The database open itself might be successful, failing only when querying.

$dbh = new PDO('sqlite:/tmp/foo.db'); // success
foreach ($dbh->query('SELECT * FROM bar') as $row) // prints invalid resource
    // ...
gmac63 at charter dot net 10-Aug-2006 07:38
Issue:
Error: SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1 unsupported file format

Resolution:
To solve this (and/or many issues) involving this type of error, I assumed the error to be generated from php. Well, it was to an extent. The sqlite pdo code offered the solution:

I researched the error by grep'ing the php source code and found the error string to come from php-5.1.4/ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/src/prepare.c, lines 265:278 :

/*
 ** file_format==1    Version 3.0.0.
 ** file_format==2    Version 3.1.3.
 ** file_format==3    Version 3.1.4.
 **
 ** Version 3.0 can only use files with file_format==1. Version 3.1.3
 ** can read and write files with file_format==1 or file_format==2.
 ** Version 3.1.4 can read and write file formats 1, 2 and 3.
 */
 if( meta[1]>3 ){
   sqlite3BtreeCloseCursor(curMain);
   sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, "unsupported file format", (char*)0);
   return SQLITE_ERROR;
 }

This is interesting as I am running SQLite version 3.3.5 which the databases were created in. I see that the SQLite PDO source in the php source is :
      # cat ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite/VERSION
       3.2.8

My solution was then to find a version of sqlite that was =< 3.1.4. I found source for 3.1.3, compiled, recreated my database using that version (NOTE: the databases are unsupported between 3.1.x and 3.2.x versions of SQLite). Once I did this it worked.

Also as a side note, to get SQLite compiled as a PDO, I had to:

1) configure with
...
--enable-pdo=shared \
--with-sqlite=shared \
--with-pdo-sqlite=shared
--with-zlib
... \
'make && make install' if configure is successful.

2) Make sure the pdo libs were copied/installed to the correct directory. On my installation it was /usr/local/include/php/ext/pdo/

3) Make these changes in my php.ini:
  - change ' extension_dir = "./" ' to ' extension_dir="/usr/local/include/php/ext/pdo/" '
  - add/edit in this order:
      extension=pdo.so
      extension=pdo_sqlite.so
      extension=sqlite.so

4) test php with : 'php -m' at the command line and solve any issues from there. Mostly php.ini config issues. Also restart the http service!
Duffalo 06-Jul-2006 04:41
Note that as of the date of this post, PDO_SQLITE will not interact with database files created with the current version of the SQLite console application, sqlite-3.3.6.

It is currently necessary to obtain version 3.2.8, available from http://www.sqlite.org/ but only by entering the URI manually, as there is no link. Go to http://www.sqlite.org/download.html and find the URI of the version you're looking for, then make the appropriate version number substitution.
aidan at php dot net 01-Oct-2005 02:36
If you receive an error while trying to write to a sqlite database (update, delete, drop):

Warning: PDO::query() [function.query]: SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1 unable to open database

The folder that houses the database file must be writeable.