Debian 11 安装 RISC-V 和 Mips64 的 GNU gcc编译器工具链的笔记

RISC-V GNU Compiler Toolchain 的 github

这是 RISC-V C 和 C++ 交叉编译器。 它支持两种构建模式：通用的 ELF/Newlib 工具链和更复杂的 Linux-ELF/glibc 工具链。

gcc-toolchain-mips64 for the N64 的 github

此 repo 自动生成 MIPS64 工具链以允许对 N64 进行交叉编译。 二进制文件可以作为其他构建脚本的一部分下载，这可以节省设置开发人员环境的时间（至少 30 分钟），以便构建 N64 库，例如 libdragon。

分别访问这两个github项目，下载编译完成的二进制工具包

• https://github.com/riscv-collab/riscv-gnu-toolchain/releases/download/2023.03.14/riscv32-elf-ubuntu-22.04-nightly-2023.03.14-nightly.tar.gz
• https://github.com/n64-tools/gcc-toolchain-mips64/releases/download/11.3.0/gcc-toolchain-mips64-linux64.tar.gz

使用 xshell 的 rz 命令或者 winscp 传送到 Debian 11 的虚拟机系统。

mkdir -p /opt && cd /opt
tar xf riscv32-elf-ubuntu-22.04-nightly-2023.03.14-nightly.tar.gz

mkdir -p /opt/mips && cd /opt/mips
tar xf gcc-toolchain-mips64-linux64.tar.gz

# 测试工具的路径和环境是否完整
/opt/mips/bin/mips64-elf-gcc -v
/opt/riscv/bin/riscv32-unknown-elf-gcc -v

如果系统环境正常显示如下

root@debian:/opt# /opt/riscv/bin/riscv32-unknown-elf-gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=/opt/riscv/bin/riscv32-unknown-elf-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/opt/riscv/libexec/gcc/riscv32-unknown-elf/12.2.0/lto-wrapper
Target: riscv32-unknown-elf
Configured with: /home/runner/work/riscv-gnu-toolchain/riscv-gnu-toolchain/gcc/configure --target=riscv32-unknown-elf --prefix=/opt/riscv --disable-shared --disable-threads --enable-languages=c,c++ --with-pkgversion=g2ee5e430018 --with-system-zlib --enable-tls --with-newlib --with-sysroot=/opt/riscv/riscv32-unknown-elf --with-native-system-header-dir=/include --disable-libmudflap --disable-libssp --disable-libquadmath --disable-libgomp --disable-nls --disable-tm-clone-registry --src=/home/runner/work/riscv-gnu-toolchain/riscv-gnu-toolchain/gcc --disable-multilib --with-abi=ilp32d --with-arch=rv32gc --with-tune=rocket --with-isa-spec=2.2 'CFLAGS_FOR_TARGET=-Os   -mcmodel=medlow' 'CXXFLAGS_FOR_TARGET=-Os   -mcmodel=medlow'
Thread model: single
Supported LTO compression algorithms: zlib zstd
gcc version 12.2.0 (g2ee5e430018)

root@debian:/opt# /opt/mips/bin/mips64-elf-gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=/opt/mips/bin/mips64-elf-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/opt/mips/bin/../libexec/gcc/mips64-elf/11.3.0/lto-wrapper
Target: mips64-elf
Configured with: ../gcc-source/configure --prefix=/home/runner/work/mips64-gcc-toolchain/mips64-gcc-toolchain/scripts/build/linux64 --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=mips64-elf --with-arch=vr4300 --with-tune=vr4300 --enable-languages=c,c++ --without-headers --with-newlib --with-gnu-as=/home/runner/work/mips64-gcc-toolchain/mips64-gcc-toolchain/scripts/build/linux64/bin/mips64-elf-as --with-gnu-ld=/home/runner/work/mips64-gcc-toolchain/mips64-gcc-toolchain/scripts/build/linux64/bin/mips64-elf-ld --enable-checking=release --enable-shared --enable-shared-libgcc --disable-decimal-float --disable-gold --disable-libatomic --disable-libgomp --disable-libitm --disable-libquadmath --disable-libquadmath-support --disable-libsanitizer --disable-libssp --disable-libunwind-exceptions --disable-libvtv --disable-multilib --disable-nls --disable-rpath --disable-static --disable-threads --disable-win32-registry --enable-lto --enable-plugin --enable-static --without-included-gettext
Thread model: single
Supported LTO compression algorithms: zlib zstd
gcc version 11.3.0 (GCC) 

如果错误显示类似下面，缺少 GLIBC_2.32 库，需要升级 glibc 到 GLIBC_2.32 版本

mips64-elf-gcc: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version "GLIBC_2.32' not found (required by mips64-elf-gcc)
mips64-elf-gcc: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version "GLIBC_2.33' not found (required by mips64-elf-gcc)
mips64-elf-gcc: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version "GLIBC_2.34' not found (required by mips64-elf-gcc)

riscv/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version "GLIBC_2.32' not found (required by riscv/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc)
riscv/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version "GLIBC_2.33' not found (required by riscv/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc)
riscv/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version "GLIBC_2.34' not found (required by riscv/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc)

Debian 11 上将 glibc 从版本 2.30 升级到 2.32 方法

• 编辑 sources.list 添加 sid main 实验性软件源，再 apt -t sid 安装软件包

  vim /etc/apt/sources.list
  
  # 国外选官方源    deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian sid main
  # 国内选中科大源  deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ sid main
  
  apt -t sid install libc6 libc6-dev libc6-dbg

  设置环境变量和测试编译器

  export PATH="$PATH:/opt/riscv/bin/"
  alias rvcc=riscv32-unknown-elf-gcc
  
  export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mips/bin/"
  alias mgcc=mips64-elf-gcc
  
  rvcc -v
  mgcc -v

• 建议将以上 export 命令 ，加入到 ~/.bashrc 文件末尾，每次进入容器能自动加载环境变量。

安装 QEMU 这个通用的开源机器和用户空间模拟器和虚拟器

apt install qemu qemu-user

gcc-toolchain-mips64 交叉编译问题待解决

# 错误已解决 mips64-elf/bin/as: error while loading shared libraries: libopcodes-2.38.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

echo "/opt/mips/x86_64-linux-gnu/mips64-elf/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mips64-elf.conf
ldconfig

# 错误待解决 mips64-elf/bin/ld: warning: cannot find entry symbol _start; defaulting to 0000000000400040